Eesti Arheoloogia Ajakiri, 2005, 9, 1

SISUKORD – CONTENTS

ARTIKLID – ARTICLES

Aivar Kriiska, Mika Lavento and Jüri Peets

New AMS Dates of the Neolithic and Bronze Age Ceramics

in Estonia: preliminary results and interpretations; 3–31

Uued AMS-dateeringud Eesti neoliitilisest ja pronksiaegsest keraamikast.

Esialgsed tulemused ja interpreteeringud. Resümee; 28–31

Abstract. The AMS dates of the carbonized organics on eight Neolithic and Bronze Age potsherds found in Estonia are presented and interpreted considering the previous dates of textile-impressed pottery, ceramic typology and textile history. New dates confirmed the earlier supposition that making textile impressions on clay vessels (of the Late Combed Ware and Early Textile Ceramics) started already at the end of the Neolithic, yet the new results dated the appearance of the phenomenon to c. 2700 cal BC, which is approximately 1000 years earlier than hitherto assumed. By the beginning of the Late Bronze Age around 1100 cal BC, the ceramics, often termed Textile Ceramics, had formed on the present-day territory of Estonia.

The textile impressions on the surfaces of the vessels have been made using fabric woven in different techniques. The sherds analysed bear the impressions of textiles made in tabby and repp weave, the latter indicating the use of the loom for weaving the fabric. The impression observable on one of the potsherds presumably originates from fabric produced in needle-netting technique.

Tõnno Jonuks

Archaeology of religion – possibilities and prospects; 32–59

Religiooniarheoloogia – võimalikkus ja võimalused. Resümee; 56–59

Abstract. The following article consists of three parts. The first part provides a short overview of the study of the history of Estonian prehistoric religion since the 18th–19th centuries Baltic-German scholars until the most recent studies by Estonian archaeologists. The overview aims to characterise the current situation of research and explicate the contemporary understanding of prehistoric religion. The second part of the article discusses the sources and defines some important key terms which have been used in the following, drawing a distinction between folk religion, pre-Christian religion and prehistoric religion, and rituality and significance of stone graves. Phenomenology, the most commonly applied method in Estonia, has been discussed at some length. The third part emphasises six main approaches, which the author of the article considers of importance in the study of prehistoric religion – namely, religion is dynamic and undergoes constant changes; each new religious phenomenon is incorporated into previously existing context; the study of prehistoric religion is only effective in interdisciplinary approach; understanding the importance and role of rituality; the importance of explicating key terminology; and studying religion against a general framework.

Sigita Mikšaitė

Production of ceramics of Narva Culture (Reconstructions based on

experimental archaeology); 60–72

Narva kultuuri keraamika valmistamine (eksperimentaalarheoloogilised rekonstruktsioonid). Resümee; 71–72

Abstract. The pottery of Narva Culture was the first ceramics in the East Baltic Region. In the course of practical experiment, the questions related to the production technology of Neolithic pottery were resolved and studied in detail. That includes clay preparation, coil joining, ornamentation and firing. Vessels were made experimentally, giving an understanding of the archaic techniques and traditions of the Neolithic potters. Two ways for ceramics firing, namely field hearth and pile-fire have been tested.

Ülle Sillasoo

Mis saab arheobotaanikast Eestis?; 73–81

What will be with archaeobotany in Estonia? Summary; 81

Annotatsioon. Arheobotaanika on Eestis vähetuntud teadusala, mida siinsetes ülikoolides ei õpetata ning millega pidevalt tegelevaid ja tegelnud inimeste kokkulugemiseks piisab ühe käe sõrmedest. Samas viitab nii arheoloogiliste kaevamiste kui ka võetud pinnaseproovide arv teatud vajadusele ja võimalusele selles valdkonnas pisut enam ära teha. Arheobotaanilised leiud on materiaalse kultuuri uurimise üks allikatest. Väljakaevamised on üksnes andmete kogumiseks ja baasiks järgnevale teadustööle. Arheobotaanika on Eestis kriisiseisus, kuna väljaõppinud spetsialistidele ei leidu erialast tööd. Ühe põhjusena näeb autor riiklikult finantseeritava linnaarheoloogia ja materiaalse kultuuri uurimiskeskuse puudumist. Lahenduseks oleks koostöö arendamine välismaa kolleegidega, mis ei välistaks koostööd kodumaiste arheoloogide, ajaloolaste ja loodusteaduslikke meetodeid kasutavate spetsialistide vahel.

ülevaated – reviews

Jaan Tamm

A new review of Latvian castles; 82–84

Andris Caune and Ieva Ose. Latvias 12. gadsimta beigu – 17. gadsimta vācu piļu leksikons. Rīga, 2004 (590 pp)

Sander Tint ja Martti Veldi

Piirid looduses ja kultuuris; 85–87

Piirid looduses ja kultuuris. Arheoloogia-geograafia kevadkool 19.–20.03.2005, Taevaskoja

Lühendid; 88

Abbreviations; 88