ESTONIAN ACADEMY
PUBLISHERS
eesti teaduste
akadeemia kirjastus
PUBLISHED
SINCE 1997
 
TRAMES cover
TRAMES. A Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences
ISSN 1736-7514 (Electronic)
ISSN 1406-0922 (Print)
Impact Factor (2022): 0.2
MOBILE TIME AS A BLESSING OR A CURSE: PERCEPTIONS OF SMARTPHONE USE AND PERSONAL TIME AMONG GENERATION GROUPS IN ESTONIA; pp. 45–62
PDF | https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2018.1.03

Authors
Veronika Kalmus, Anu Masso, Signe Opermann, Karin Täht
Abstract

Although the literature has paid a lot of attention to the importance of mobile digital media in shaping people’s perception of personal and social time, little empirical research has focused on these issues. We aim at bridging this gap by testing empirically a hypothesis that shared perceptions of social life in the smartphone era vary generationally. The analysis, based on representative survey data collected in Estonia in 2014 (n = 573), revealed three underlying dimensions of the perceptions of smartphone use: (1) Expanding flexibility and diverse opportunities, (2) Vanishing boundaries and foci, and (3) Changing social identity and communication conventions. Generational differences manifested in the case of the first and the second dimension, lending support to the initial hypothesis. In the case of the third dimension, other structural factors, time use and subjective perceptions of personal time, rather than generational differences, explained the variation in the perceptions of smartphone use.

References

Adam, Barbara (2003) “Reflexive modernization temporalized”. Theory, Culture & Society 20, 2, 59–78.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276403020002004

Agger, Ben (2011) “iTime: labor and life in a smartphone era”. Time & Society 20, 1, 119–136.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X10380730

Annafari, Mohammad T., Ann-Sofie Axelsson, and Erik Bohlin (2013) “A socio-economic explora­tion of mobile phone service have-nots in Sweden”. New Media & Society 16, 3, 415–433.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813487954

Askegaard, Søren (2010) “Experience economy in the making: hedonism, play and coolhunting in automotive song lyrics”. Consumption Markets & Culture 13, 4, 351–371.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10253866.2010.502411

Boczkowski, Pablo and Leah A. Lievrouw (2008) “Bridging STS and communication studies: scholar­ship on media and information technologies”. In Edward J. Hackett, Olga Amster­damska, Michael E. Lynch and Judy Wajcman, eds. New handbook of science and technology studies. 3rd ed., 951–977. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Bolin, Göran (2014). Media generations: experience, identity and mediatised social change. London and New York: Routledge.

Bolin, Göran and Oscar Westlund (2009) “Mobile generations: the role of the mobile in the shaping of swedish media generations”. International Journal of Communication 3, 108–124.

BinDhim, Nasser F., Kevin McGeechan, and Lyndal Trevena (2014) “Who uses smoking cessation apps? A feasibility study across three countries via smartphones”. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 2, 1, e4.

Campbell, Scott W. and Richard Ling (2010) “Conclusion: mobile communication in space and time – furthering the theoretical dialogue”. In Richard Ling and Scott W. Campbell, eds The reconstruction of space and time: mobile communication practices, 251–260. New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers.

Castells, Manuel (1996) The rise of the network society. Oxford and Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers.

Castells, Manuel, Mireia Fernandez-Ardevol, Jack Linchuan Qiu, and Araba Sey (2007) Mobile communication and society: a global perspective. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Cho, Jaehee (2015) “Roles of smartphone app use in improving social capital and reducing social isolation: cyberpsychology”. Behavior, and Social Networking 18, 6, 350–355.
https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0657

Cisco Visual Networking Index (2017) Global mobile data traffic forecast update, 20162021. [White Paper.] Available online at <http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/ service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/mobile-white-paper-c11-520862.html>. Accessed on May 11, 2017.

Corsten, Michael (1999) “The time of generations”. Time & Society 8, 2–3, 249–272.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X99008002003

Dholakia, Nikilesh, Ian Reyes, and Jennifer K. Bonoff (2015) “Mobile media: from legato to staccato, isochronal consumptionscapes”. Consumption Markets & Culture 18, 1, 10–24.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10253866.2014.899216

Giddens, Anthony (1991) Modernity and self-identity: self and society in the late modern age. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Green, Nicola (2002) “On the move: technology, mobility, and the mediation of social time and space” ”. The Information Society 18, 4, 281–292.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240290075129

Gronmo, Sigmund (1989) “Concepts of time: some implications for consumer research”. In Thomas K. Srull, ed. NA - advances in consumer research. Vol. 16, 339–345. Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research.

Haddon, Leslie (2004) Information and communication technologies in everyday life: a concise introduction and research guide. Oxford: Berg.

Hartmann, Maren (2013) “From domestication to mediated mobilism”. Mobile Media & Communica­tion 1, 1, 42–49.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2050157912464487

Hassan, Robert (2009) Empires of speed: time and the acceleration of politics and society. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004175907.i-254

Harvey, David (1990) The condition of postmodernity. an enquiry into the origins of cultural change. Oxford, Cambridge: Blackwell.

Hjorth, Larissa (2009) “Domesticating new media: a discussion on locating mobile media”. In Gerard Goggin and Larissa Hjorth, eds. Mobile technologies: from telecommunications to media, 143–160. New York and London: Routledge.

Ito, Mizuko, Daisuke Okabe, and Ken Anderson (2010) “Portable objects in three global cities: the personalization of urban places”. In Richard Ling and Scott W. Campbell, eds. The reconstruction of space and time: mobile communication practices, 67–87. Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers.

Janelle, Donald G. (1969) “Spatial reorganization: a model and concept”. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 59, 348–64.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1969.tb00675.x

Kalmus, Veronika, Anu Masso, and Marju Lauristin (2013) “Preferences in media use and per­ception of inter-generational differences among age groups in Estonia: a cultural approach to media generations”. Northern Lights: Film & Media Studies Yearbook 11, 1, 15–34.
https://doi.org/10.1386/nl.11.1.15_1

Kraut, Robert, Michael Patterson, Vicki Lundmark, Sara Kiesler, Tridas Mukophadhyay, and William Scherlis (1998) “Internet paradox: a social technology that reduces social involve­ment and psychological well-being?” American psychologist 53, 9, 1017.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.9.1017

Kwon, Min, Joon-Yeop Lee, Wang-Youn Won, Jae-Woo Park, Jung-Ah Min, Changtae Hahn, Xinyu Gu, Ji-Hye Choi, and Dai-Jin Kim (2013) “Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS) ”. PloS one 8, 2, e56936.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056936

Lash, Scott (2002) Critique of information. London: Sage.

Ling, Richard (2004) The mobile connection: the cell phone’s impact on society. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufman.

Ling, Richard (2014) “Theorizing mobile communication in the intimate sphere”. In Gerard Goggin and Larissa Hjorth, eds. The Routledge companion to mobile media, 32–41. New York: Routledge.

Ling, Richard and Scott W. Campbell, eds. (2010) The reconstruction of space and time: mobile communication practices. New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers.

Madden, Mary, Amanda Lenhart, Maeve Duggan, Sandra Cortesi, and Urs Gasser (2013) Teens and technology 2013. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project.

Mannheim, Karl (1952 [1927/1928]) “The problem of generations”. In Karl Mannheim, ed. Essays on the sociology of knowledge, 276–322. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Mückenberger, Ulrich (2011) “Time abstraction, temporal policy and the right to one’s own time”. KronoScope 11, 1–2, 66–97.
https://doi.org/10.1163/156852411X595288

Ophir, Eyal, Clifford Nass, and Anthony D. Wagner (2009) “Cognitive control in media multi­taskers”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, 37, 15583–15587.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0903620106

Papert, Seymour (1996) The connected family: bridging the digital generation gap. Atlanta: Longstreet Press.

Prensky, Marc (2001) “Digital natives, digital immigrants part 1. On the Horizon 9, 5, 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.1108/10748120110424816

Preda, Marian (2013) “Time capital and social gravity: two new concepts for sociology of time”. In Bianca Maria Pirani and Thomas S. Smith, eds. Body and time: bodily rhythms and social synchronization in the digital media society, 21–38. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Rosa, Hartmut (2005) “The speed of global flows and the pace of democratic politics”. New Political Science 27, 4, 445–459.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07393140500370907

Rosa, Hartmut (2013) Social acceleration: a new theory of modernity. New York: Columbia University Press.
https://doi.org/10.7312/rosa14834

Rozgonjuk, Dmitri, Valdur Rosenvald, Sven Janno, and Karin Täht (2016) “Developing a shorter version of the Estonian Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale (E-SAPS18)”. Cyber­psychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace 10, 4, article 4.
https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2016-4-4

Scheller, Mimi and John Urry (2016) “Mobilizing the new mobilities paradigm”. Applied Mobilities 1, 1, 1025.
https://doi.org/10.1080/23800127.2016.1151216

Scheuerman, William E. (2009) “Citizenship and speed”. In Hartmut Rosa and William E. Scheuer­man, eds. High-speed society: social acceleration, power and modernity, 287–305. Philadelphia: Penn State University Press.

Silverstone, Roger and Leslie Haddon (1996) “Design and the domestication of information and communication technologies: technical change and everyday life”. In Robin Mansell and Roger Silverstone, eds. Communication by design: the politics of information and com­munication technologies, 44–47. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Sorokin, Pitirim A. and Robert K. Merton (1937) “Social time: a methodological and functional analysis”. The American Journal of Sociology 5, 615–629.
https://doi.org/10.1086/217540

Sullivan, Oriel and Jonathan Gershuny (2001) “Cross-national changes in time-use: some sociological (hi)stories re-examined”. The British Journal of Sociology 52, June, 331–347.

Székely, Levente (2015) “The typology of multitasking activity”. European Journal of Communica­tion 30, 2, 209–225.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323114567842

Tabachnick, Barbara G. and Linda S. Fidell (2007) Using multivariate statistics. 5th ed. Boston: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.

Thulin, Eva and Bertil Vilhelmson (2010) “Mobile phones: transforming the everyday social communication practice of urban youth”. In Richard Ling and Scott W. Campbell, eds. The reconstruction of space and time through mobile communication practices, 137–158. New Brunswick: Transaction.

Tomlinson, John (2007) The culture of speed: the coming of immediacy. Thousand Oaks and London: Sage.

Vihalemm, Triin and Marju Lauristin (2017) “Ajakasutussuutlikkus ja kihistumine Eesti ühis­konnas”. [Time use capability and stratification in Estonian society.] In Peeter Vihalemm, Marju Lauristin, Veronika Kalmus and Triin Vihalemm, eds. Eesti ühiskond kiirenevas ajas: Uuringu Mina. Maailm. Meedia 2002–2014 tulemused, 437–454. [Estonian society in the accelerating time: results of the survey Me. The World. The Media 2002–2014.] Tartu: Tartu University Press.

Vincent, Jane and Leopoldina Fortunati (2014) “The emotional identity of the mobile phone”. In Gerard Goggin and Larissa Hjorton, eds. The Routledge companion to mobile media, 312–319. New York: Routledge.

Warf, Barney (2008) Time-space compression: historical geographies. Oxon and New York: Routledge.

Westlund, Oscar (2014) “The production and consumption of news in an age of mobile media”. In Gerard Goggin and Larissa Hjorton, eds. The Routledge companion to mobile media, 135–145. New York: Routledge.

Back to Issue