ESTONIAN ACADEMY
PUBLISHERS
eesti teaduste
akadeemia kirjastus
PUBLISHED
SINCE 1952
 
Earth Science cover
Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences
ISSN 1736-7557 (Electronic)
ISSN 1736-4728 (Print)
Impact Factor (2022): 1.1
Age of the Kalana Lagerstätte, early Silurian, Estonia; pp. 105–114
PDF | doi: 10.3176/earth.2016.10

Authors
Peep Männik, Oive Tinn, David K. Loydell, Leho Ainsaar
Abstract

The Kalana quarry in central Estonia is known for its exceptionally well-preserved non-calcified algal and other fossils. The interval with the fossil Konservat Lagerstätte in the Kalana section has previously been tentatively dated as early Aeronian. Recent findings of graptolites now enable more precise dating of these beds. The strata yielding the Lagerstätte are not older than the mid-Aeronian and correspond to the Pribylograptus leptotheca graptolite Biozone. In terms of conodont biostratigraphy they correlate with the middle of the Pranognathus tenuis conodont Biozone. It has also become evident that the uppermost Jõgeva Beds of the Nurmekund Formation, and probably also the uppermost Ikla Member of the Saarde Formation, are younger than previously thought and correlate with the Pribylograptus leptotheca graptolite Biozone. Our data additionally indicate that the conodont genus Aulacognathus had appeared by the mid-Aeronian.

References

Ainsaar, L., Tinn, O., Männik, P. & Meidla, T. 2014. Stop B1: Kalana quarry. In 4th Annual Meeting of IGCP 591, Estonia, 10–19 June 2014. Abstracts and Field Guide (Bauert, H., Hints, O., Meidla, T. & Männik, P., eds), pp. 174–177. University of Tartu, Tartu.

Aldridge, R. J. 1972. Llandovery conodonts from the Welsh Borderland. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology, 22, 1–231.

Aldridge, R. J. & Idris, M. 1982. Conodont biostratigraphy of the early Silurian of the Oslo Region. In IUGS Sub­commission on Silurian Stratigraphy. Field Meeting, Oslo Region 1982 (Worsley, D., ed.), Paleontological Contributions from the University of Oslo, 278, 109–120.

Aldridge, R. J., Jeppsson, L. & Dorning, K. J. 1993. Early Silurian oceanic episodes and events. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 150, 501–513.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.150.3.0501

Baarli, B. G. & Johnson, M. E. 1988. Biostratigraphy of key brachiopod lineages from the Llandovery Series (Lower Silurian) of the Oslo Region. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 68, 259–274.

Berger, S. & Kaever, M. J. 1992. Dasycladales: an Illustrated Monograph of a Fascinating Algal Order. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart, 247 pp.

Bischoff, G. C. O. 1986. Early and middle Silurian conodonts from midwestern New South Wales. Courier Forschungs­institut Senckenberg, 89, 1336.

Cramer, B. D., Brett, C. E., Melchin, J. M., Männik, P., Kleffner, M. A., McLaughlin, P. I., Loydell, D. K., Munnecke, A., Jeppsson, L., Corradini, C., Brunton, F. R. & Saltzman, M. R. 2011. Revised correlation of Silurian Provincial Series of North America with global and regional chronostratigraphic units and δ13Ccarb chemo­stratigraphy. Lethaia, 44, 185–202.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2010.00234.x

Kaljo, D. & Vingisaar, P. 1969. On the sequence of the Raikküla Stage in southeasternmost Estonia. ENSV TA Toimetised, Keemia, Geoloogia, 18, 270–277 [in Russian, with English summary].

Korde, K. B. 1961. Vodorosli kembriya yugo-vostoka Sibirskoj platformy [Cambrian algae from the south-east of the Siberian Platform]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR, 89, 1–148 [in Russian].

Korde, K. B. 1973. Vodorosli kembriya [Cambrian algae]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR, 139, 1–350 [in Russian].

Loydell, D. K. 2012. Graptolite biozone correlation charts. Geological Magazine, 149, 124–132.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0016756811000513

Loydell, D. K. & Maletz, J. 2009. Isolated graptolites from the Lituigraptus convolutus Biozone (Silurian, Llandovery) of Dalarna, Sweden. Palaeontology, 52, 273–296.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00843.x

Loydell, D. K., Männik, P. & Nestor, V. 2003. Integrated biostratigraphy of the lower Silurian of the Aizpute-41 core, Latvia. Geological Magazine, 140, 205–229.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0016756802007264

Männik, P. 2002. Conodonts in the Silurian of Severnaya Zemlya, with special reference to the genus Ozarkodina. Geodiversitas, 24, 77–97.

Männik, P. & Aldridge, R. J. 1989. Evolution, taxonomy and relationships of the Silurian conodont Pterospathodus. Palaeontology, 32, 893–906.

Männik, P., Loydell, D. K., Nestor, V. & Nõlvak, J. 2015. Integrated Upper Ordovician–lower Silurian bio­strati­graphy of the Grötlingbo-1 core section, Sweden. GFF, 137, 226–244.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2015.1042032

Mastik, V. & Tinn, O. 2015. New dasycladalean algal species from the Kalana Lagerstätte (Silurian, Estonia). Journal of Paleontology, 89, 262–268.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2014.23

Mel¢nikov, S. V. 1999. Konodonty ordovika i silura Timano-Severourals¢kogo regiona [Ordovician and Silurian Conodonts from the TimanNorthern Ural Region]. VSEGEI, St. Petersburg, 136 pp. [in Russian].

Nestor, H. 1994. Comments to the modernized Silurian correlation chart of Estonia and Latvia. Geologija (Vilnius), 17, 88–95.

Nestor, H. 1997. Silurian. In Geology and Mineral Resources of Estonia (Raukas, A. & Teedumäe, A., eds), pp. 89–106. Estonian Academy Publishers, Tallinn.

Nestor, H., Einasto, R., Männik, P. & Nestor, V. 2003. Correlation of some lower-middle Llandovery reference sections in central and southern Estonia and sedi­mentation cycles of lime muds. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Geology, 52, 3–27.

Nestor, V. 1976. A microplankton correlation of boring sections of the Raikküla Stage, Estonia. ENSV TA Toimetised, Keemia, Geoloogia, 25, 319–324 [in Russian, with English summary].

Nestor, V. 1994. Early Silurian chitinozoans of Estonia and North Latvia. Academia, 4, 1–163.

Nestor, V. 2012. A summary and revision of the East Baltic Silurian chitinozoan biozonation. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 61, 242–260.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/earth.2012.4.05

Packham, G. H. & Stevens, N. C. 1954. The Palæozoic strati­graphy of Spring and Quarry creeks, west of Orange, N.S.W. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 88, 55–60.

Peel, J. D. 2014. Dasyclad-like problematic fossils from the lower Cambrian of North Greenland. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 88, 367–374.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12542-013-0202-4

Perens, H. 1992. Raikküla Regional Stage (Llandovery) and its lithostratigraphy in the outcrop area. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Estonia, 2, 27–31 [in Estonian, with English summary].

Perens, H. 2006. Limestones and Dolomites in Estonian Buildings III. Lääne-Viru, Ida-Viru and Jõgeva Counties. Geological Survey of Estonia, Tallinn, 144 pp. [in Estonian, with English summary].

Sweet, W. C. & Schönlaub, H. P. 1975. Conodonts of the Genus Oulodus Branson & Mehl, 1933. Geologica et Palaeontologica, 9, 41–59.

Štorch, P. 1998. Graptolites of the Pribylograptus leptotheca and Lituigraptus convolutus biozones of Tmaň (Silurian, Czech Republic). Journal of the Czech Geological Society, 43, 209–272.

Tinn, O. 2015. Kalana Quarry. In The 8th European Ostracod Meeting. Post-Conference Field-Trip, July 2830, 2015, pp. 15–18. Tartu.

Tinn, O., Meidla, T., Ainsaar, L. & Pani, T. 2009. Thallophytic algal flora from a new Silurian Lagerstätte. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 58, 38–42.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/earth.2009.1.04

Tinn, O., Mastik, V., Ainsaar, L. & Meidla, T. 2015. Kalania pusilla, an exceptionally preserved non-calcified alga from the lower Silurian (Aeronian, Llandovery) of Estonia. Palaeoworld, 24, 207–214.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2014.12.001

Truuver, K. 2009. Scolecodonts from the Kalana Quarry. MSc thesis. Tartu, 59 pp. [in Estonian, with English summary].

Worsley, D., Aarhus, N., Bassett, M. G., Howe, M. P. A., Mørk, A. & Olaussen, S. 1983. The Silurian succession of the Oslo region. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse, 384, 1–57.

Zalasiewicz, J. A., Taylor, L., Rushton, A. W. A., Loydell, D. K., Rickards, R. B. & Williams, M. 2009. Graptolites in British stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 146, 785–850.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0016756809990434

Back to Issue